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SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
                                                  SESSION 2020-21
                                                       CLASS-IX

                            ECONOMICS- CHAPTER-3 POVERTY AS A CHALLENGE

                                                   LESSON NOTES
                                                     SUB TOPIC-2
                                         Poverty as seen by social scientists




                     Social scientists look at poverty through a variety of indicators.
                     Usually, the indicators are used to relate to the levels of income and
                       consumption.
                     But,now poverty is looked through other social indicators like illiteracy level,
                       lack of general resistance due to malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare,
                       lack of job opportunities, lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation etc.


               Analysis of poverty is
               based upon:


                     Social Exclusion
                     Vulnerability

                   1.  Social exclusion-
                       For analysis of
                       poverty social
                       exclusion is very
                       useful. As per this
                       concept poverty
                       must be seen in
                       terms of the poor
                       living only in a poor
                       surrounding with
                       other people.

                   2.  Vulnerability- Vulnerability describes the greater probability of certain
                       communities being more adversely affected than other people. Eg: members
                       of backward caste or community.
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