Page 1 - Sub Topic3- LN

SAI International School
Grade-IX, Sub: Geography

Ch6- Population
Sub Topic3- Processes of Population Change/ Growth

Sub-topics Lesson Notes

Processes of Processes of Population Change/Growth
Population
Change/ • There are three main processes of change of population: birth rates, death rates
Growth (Pg. and migration.
No.- 56,57)
• Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. In India,
birth rates have always been higher than death rates.

• Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. In India,
there is rapid decline in death rates which is the main cause of growth of the Indian
population.

• Till 1980, high birth rates and declining death rates resulted in higher rate of
population growth but since 1981, birth rates have also started declining gradually,
resulting in a gradual decline in the rate of population growth.

• Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. This can be
internal (within the country) or international (between the countries).

• Effects of Migrations:
→ Migration is an important determinant of population change. It changes not only
the population size but also the population composition of urban and rural
populations.

→Internal migration does not change the size of the population, but changes the
distribution of population within the nation.

→In India, most migrations have been from rural to urban areas because of
adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in the rural areas which are push
factors. Increased employment opportunities and better living conditions in cities
are pull factors that influence the people to migrate from rural to urban areas.

→ In India, the rural-urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the
percentage of population in cities and towns. The urban population has increased
from 17.29 per cent of the total population in 1951 to 31.80 per cent in 2011.

→There has been a significant increase in the number of ‘million plus cities’ from
35 to 53 in just one decade, i.e., 2001 to 2011.