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SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, BHUBANESWAR.

                                        Class IX: SOCIAL STUDIES – GEOGRAPHY

                                                  CHAPTER - 4-  CLIMATE
                                                    (VIRTUAL CLASSES)
                                                       MODULE No:02





               NOTES FOR CHAPTER-4- CLIMATE

               1.  Sub Topic- CLIMATIC CONTROLS(pg 27)
               A. Climatic Controls


                   •  The interplay of latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, pressure and wind
                       system, ocean currents and relief features determine climatic conditions of a place.




               Climatic controls are the factors that control the variations in temperature in the climate of
               India. There are six major climatic controls. They are:

                   •  Latitude: As the earth is round, sunlight does not reach everywhere equally. The
                       temperature decreases as we move from the equator to the poles.
                   •  Altitude: As we move from the surface of the earth to the higher altitudes, the
                       temperature decreases.
                   •  Pressure and wind system: The pressure and wind system of any area depend on
                       the latitude and altitude of that place. Thus, it influences the temperature
                       accordingly.
                   •  Distance from the sea: Coastal regions are cooler as compared to interior regions. As
                       the distance from the sea increases, its influence decreases and the people
                       experience extreme weather conditions.
                   •  Ocean currents: Cold ocean currents flowing over a region will decrease the
                       temperature of that area whereas warm currents will increase the temperature.
                   •  Relief features: Relief features are the barriers that block currents from entering the
                       country. High mountains act as barriers for cold or hot winds.
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