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SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, BHUBANESWAR.
                                Class VIII: SOCIAL STUDIES – GEOGRAPHY

                                     CHAPTER - 6- HUMAN RESOURCES

                                               (VIRTUAL CLASSES)


                                 NOTES FOR CHAPTER-6- HUMAN RESOURCES

        SUBTOPIC-  Population Composition


            •  Population composition is the structure of the population with various aspects such as sex,
               age, literacy level, health condition, occupation and income level.
            •  The development of a country depends on the quality of the people that comprise the
               population. The quality of the people can be determined by studying their
                   o  age
                   o  gender
                   o  literacy level
                   o  health condition
                   o  occupation
                   o  income level
            •  The population structure of a country helps us determine the number of males and females,
               and their age groups.



               Population pyramid
            •  Population pyramid or an age-sex pyramid is the most common method of showing the
               population structure.
                   o  It shows the distribution of males and females in a country by their age groups.
                   o  The total population is divided into various groups and the percentage of the total
                       population is subdivided into males and females, in each of those groups.
                   o  The population pyramid shows
                          ▪  young dependents (aged below 15 years) at the bottom and reflects the level
                              of births
                          ▪  elderly dependents (aged over 65 years) at the top and reflects the level of
                              deaths
                          ▪  The working class are in the middle group and constitute the economically
                              active segment.


            •  The shape of population pyramid shows the people living in that particular country.
            •  A pyramid broad at the base indicates the percentage of young people is high while a
               pyramid becoming narrow at the top indicates a high death rate.
            •  Different countries show different patterns of population pyramids.
            •  In Japan, low birth rates make the pyramid narrow at the base. Decreased death rates allow
               numbers of people to reach old age.
            •  India shows the pyramid which is broad at the base and thick in middle and tapper towards
               end. It means India has a healthy population at middle age which shows the availability of
               human resource.
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