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SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, BHUBANESWAR.
Class VIII: SOCIAL STUDIES – GEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER - 5- INDUSTRIES

(VIRTUAL CLASSES)

NOTES FOR CHAPTER-5- INDUSTRIES

SUBTOPIC- COTTON TEXTILE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Cotton Industry

• The word ‘textile’ is derived from a Latin word ‘texere’ meaning ‘to weave’.
• Fibres are the raw material of the textile industry and can be natural or man-made.

• Natural fibres are obtained from wool, silk, cotton, linen and jute while man-made fibres
include nylon, polyester, acrylic and rayon.

• Before industrial revolution cotton cloth was made with the help of spinning wheels and
looms using hand spinning techniques.

• The Industrial Revolution started with the mechanization of the textile industry and cotton

gin,
• Great Britain was the first country to have a power loom.

• The major textile industries are present in India, Hong Kong and South Korea.

• In India,
o the first textile mill was set up in 1818 at Fort Gloster near Kolkata but was

unsuccessful and had to be closed down
o the first successful modern textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854

o Mumbai in Maharashtra is the largest textile city of India followed by Ahmadabad in
Gujarat.

rd
o about 1/3 of the total production of textile industry is exported
• The biggest importer of Indian textile is the USA.
• Initially the cotton mills were concentrated in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat due to

the favourable climate but now the industry has spread to other parts of India like
Coimbatore, Kanpur, Chennai, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Puducherry and Panipat.

• Easy availability of raw material, suitable climate, flat terrain and easy access to skilled and
semi-skilled labour from the densely populated states of Gujarat and the neighbouring state

of Maharashtra resulted in a rapid expansion of the industry in the region.

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