Page 1 - SLRC-std 8-Geog-Chap-4-Agriculture-Subtopic-2-Farming types-LN

SAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, BHUBANESWAR.
Class VIII: SOCIAL STUDIES – GEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER - 4- AGRICULTURE

(VIRTUAL CLASSES)

NOTES FOR CHAPTER-4- AGRICULTURE

SUBTOPIC- Type of Farming

Type of Farming

• Farming depends upon the geographical conditions, demand of produce, labour and level
of technology.

There are two types of farming- Subsistence farming AND Commercial farming

➢ SUBSISTENCE FARMING
1. is carried out at a low scale for a small output
2. is practiced to meet the needs of the farmer’s family
3. uses very low-end technology and most of the labour is manual
▪ can be further classified as A] Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
B] Primitive Subsistence Agriculture

A] Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

a) farmers use simple tools and manual labour to cultivate a small plot of land is mainly to
fulfil farmer’s personal needs.
b) is practiced in areas having fertile soil and receiving plenty of sunshine throughout the
year
c) is more common in the thickly populated areas in monsoon regions of south, southeast
and east Asia
d) Rice is the main crop grown in addition to wheat, maize, pulses and oilseeds on the
same plot of land.

B] Primitive Subsistence Agriculture- includes

1. Shifting Cultivation
a) is also known as ‘slash and burn’ agriculture
b) A plot of land is cleared by felling the trees and burning them.
c) The ashes are then mixed with the soil and like maize, yam, potatoes and cassava are
grown.
d) is where after cultivation the land is abandoned and the cultivator moves to a new plot
e) is common in areas where the rainfall is heavy
f) is practiced in the dense forest areas of north-east India, parts of south-east Asia,
tropical Africa and the Amazon basin
g) The crops grown here are maize, yam, potatoes and cassava.