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Class 11 History Notes Chapter 9 The


               Industrial Revolution



               July 23, 2019 by Bhagya



               Class 11 History Notes Chapter 9 The

               Industrial Revolution



                  •  Industrial revolution started in England and spread in different parts of the world
                     gradually.
                  •  The term ‘Industrial Revolution’ was used by European scholars-Georges Michelet
                     in France and Fried-rich Engels in Germany.
                  •  It was used for the first time in English by the philosopher and economist Arnold
                     Toynbee to describe the changes that occurred in British industrial development
                     between 1760 and 1820.
                  •  The Industrial Revolution revolutionized the techniques and organization of
                     production in the later half of the eighteenth century.
                  •  England was both politically and economically a sound nation.
                  •  Agricultural Revolution laid down the foundation of the Industrial Revolution.
                  •  England had a huge domestic and international market under his control which
                     helped in the growth of Industrial Revolution.
                  •  England had a number of colonies in Asia, Africa and Europe. These helped in
                     obtaining the raw material for industries.
                  •  The onset of textile industry also helped in the emergence of Industrial Revolution.
                  •  Abraham Darby brought about a revolution in the metallurgical industry.
                  •  In the 1770’s, John Wilkinson made the first iron chairs and iron pipes of all sizes.
                  •  Thomas Savery built a model of steam engine i.e. Miner’s friend in 1698.
                  •  Another steam engine was built by Thomas New comen in 1712. The steam
                     engine had been used only in coal mines until
                  •  James Watt (1736-1819) developed his machine in 1769.
                  •  In 1814, the railway engineer George Stephenson (1781-1848) constructed a
                     locomotive called ‘The Blutcher’ that could pull a weight of 30 tons up a hill at 4
                     mph.
                  •  The Mines and Collieries Act of 1842 banned children under 10 and women from
                     working underground.
                  •  The condition of workers was quite miserable. They became the victims of
                     restlessness, epidemics and diseases.
                  •  John Kay invented Flying Shuttle in 1733. By this invention the entire textile
                     industry was revolutionized.
                  •  James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny.
                  •  Richard Arkwright invented water frame in the year 1709.
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