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Class 11 History Notes Chapter 7
Changing Cultural Traditions
July 23, 2019 by Bhagya
Class 11 History Notes Chapter 7 Changing
Cultural Traditions
• Many significant changes took place in cultural traditions of Europe between 14th
to 17th centuries.
• The church mainly influenced the life of people a lot. ‘
• Renaissance is a French word.
• Fall of feudalism, the religious wars between Christians and Muslims, commercial
properties, etc. were the main reasons for the rise of Renaissance in Europe.
• Renaissance at first started in Italy. Then it started in Rome, Venice and Florence.
• In 1455, printing press was invented by Gutenberg.
• First printing press was set up by Caxton in 1477 in Europe.
• The invention of printing press increased the volume of books. It also helped in the
spread of education.
• Milan, Naples, Venice and Florence gained the status of trade centers because of
flourishing of trades.
• Humanism was one of the movements that started in Italy in 14th century.
• Petrarch is known as the ‘Father of Humanism’. He vehemently criticized the
superstitions and lifestyle of clergy.
• Dante was an eminent poet and philosopher of Italy.
• Dante is known for his classics, The Divine Comedy.
• William Tyndale (1494-1536) translated the Bible into English in 1506.
• Boccaccio was the greatest writer and humanist.
• Decameron is a classic work of Giovanni Boccaccio. It is the collection of 180
stories.
• Leonardo-da-Vinci was one of the greatest painters. He was born in Florence in
the year 1452.
• Mona Lisa’ and ‘The Last Supper’ were the most famous paintings of Leonardo-
da-Vinci.
• Michelangelo was another great painter. His greatest painting was ‘The Last
Judgement’.
• Nicholas Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Issac Newton were well-known
scientists of the Renaissance period.
• The theory of the earth as a part of the sun centered system was made popular by
Kepler’s Cosmographical Mystery.
• The revolution in science reached at its climax with Newton’s theory of gravitation.