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Class 11 History Notes Chapter 7


               Changing Cultural Traditions



               July 23, 2019 by Bhagya



               Class 11 History Notes Chapter 7 Changing

               Cultural Traditions



                  •  Many significant changes took place in cultural traditions of Europe between 14th
                     to 17th centuries.
                  •  The church mainly influenced the life of people a lot. ‘
                  •  Renaissance is a French word.
                  •  Fall of feudalism, the religious wars between Christians and Muslims, commercial
                     properties, etc. were the main reasons for the rise of Renaissance in Europe.
                  •  Renaissance at first started in Italy. Then it started in Rome, Venice and Florence.
                  •  In 1455, printing press was invented by Gutenberg.
                  •  First printing press was set up by Caxton in 1477 in Europe.
                  •  The invention of printing press increased the volume of books. It also helped in the
                     spread of education.
                  •  Milan, Naples, Venice and Florence gained the status of trade centers because of
                     flourishing of trades.
                  •  Humanism was one of the movements that started in Italy in 14th century.
                  •  Petrarch is known as the ‘Father of Humanism’. He vehemently criticized the
                     superstitions and lifestyle of clergy.
                  •  Dante was an eminent poet and philosopher of Italy.
                  •  Dante is known for his classics, The Divine Comedy.
                  •  William Tyndale (1494-1536) translated the Bible into English in 1506.
                  •  Boccaccio was the greatest writer and humanist.
                  •  Decameron is a classic work of Giovanni Boccaccio. It is the collection of 180
                     stories.
                  •  Leonardo-da-Vinci was one of the greatest painters. He was born in Florence in
                     the year 1452.
                  •  Mona Lisa’ and ‘The Last Supper’ were the most famous paintings of Leonardo-
                     da-Vinci.
                  •  Michelangelo was another great painter. His greatest painting was ‘The Last
                     Judgement’.
                  •  Nicholas Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Issac Newton were well-known
                     scientists of the Renaissance period.
                  •  The theory of the earth as a part of the sun centered system was made popular by
                     Kepler’s Cosmographical Mystery.
                  •  The revolution in science reached at its climax with Newton’s theory of gravitation.
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